High-Sodium Diet and Congestive Heart Failure

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High-Sodium Diet and Congestive Heart Failure

In contrast to declines in mortality related to coronary heart disease and stroke, more Americans are dying from congestive heart failure (CHF); roughly 4.7 million in the U.S. experience CHF annually. High sodium intake may increase the risk for left ventricular hypertrophy, based on previous studies.

Utilizing the first National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES I) Epidemiologic Follow-up Study, the authors of this study compared CHF cases in 5,233 normal-weight and 5,129 overweight (BMI over 25) subjects. Up to 21 years after an initial 24-hour diet recall questionnaire, CHF cases were recorded and sorted based on sodium intake.

Results: Over an average of 19 years follow-up, overweight subjects in the highest sodium intake category (113.6 mmol/day or more) were 1.43 times more likely to suffer CHF than overweight individuals with the lowest intakes (50.2 mmol/day or less). Sodium intake was not linked to CHF in normal-weight subjects.

The authors note that a "moderately low" intake of sodium of less than 2,400 mg/day is recommended by several government health agencies, because high sodium intake can also increase hypertension and cardiovascular-disease risks. This study demonstrates a link between sodium and CHF in overweight patients.

He J, Ogden LG, Bazzano LA, et al. Dietary sodium intake and incidence of congestive heart failure in overweight U.S. men and women. Archives of Internal Medicine 2002:162(14), pp. 1619-1624.
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