High Blood Pressure Increases Heart Disease Risk - Even in Young Men

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High Blood Pressure Increases Heart Disease Risk - Even in Young Men

Considerable evidence shows that high blood pressure increases the risk for cardiovascular diseases, including coronary heart disease and stroke, in middle-aged and older individuals. However, data on the effects of high blood pressure in young adults are limited, and guides for the screening and treatment of hypertension have been based on studies of older subjects.

To assess the relationship between blood pressure and long-term mortality from coronary heart disease, coronary artery disease, and other diseases in young men, researchers studied 10,874 men, ages 18 to 39. Blood pressure at baseline and cases of heart disease over an average period of 25 years were considered.

Results: Subjects with higher systolic blood pressure had a 26% increase in heart disease risk; subjects with higher diastolic blood pressure showed a 17% risk increase. Higher-than-normal blood pressure was related to an increase in long-term mortality from coronary heart disease and cardiovascular disease.

These findings suggest the need for prevention, early detection, and control of increased blood pressure for all patients, starting immediately after adolescence. They encourage immediate treatment for young men with high blood pressure. Methods to lower blood pressure that is above normal include:

Avoid high levels of salt intake;

Avoid inadequate levels of potassium intake;

Avoid excess alcohol consumption;

Avoid being overweight and having a sedentary lifestyle;

Eat a high amount of fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and legumes;

Consume fat-free and low-fat protein sources; and

Maintain a low intake of lipid-rich foods and sweets.

The authors conclude: "... the data of this study on young adult men underscore the soundness of recommendations for population-wide lifestyle modifications to prevent adverse (blood pressure) levels. ..."

Note: Sometimes it is difficult to remember what the current research recommends as methods to fight high blood pressure. The list provided from this paper is based on numerous studies. It is a brief list that should make talking with patients about high blood pressure easier in clinical practice.

Miura K, Daviglus ML, Dyer AR, et al. Relationship of blood pressure to 25-year mortality due to coronary heart disease, cardiovascular diseases, and all causes in young adult men. Archives of Internal Medicine, June 25, 2001: 161(12), pp. 1501-1508.